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From Flexibility to Inconsistency: User-Generated Digital Evidence and Procedural Standards at the International Criminal Court
As technology has advanced, the means to collect, store, and share information in digital formats have increased exponentially. This development has profoundly reshaped the investigation and prosecution of mass atrocities, as digital evidence progressively informs how international crimes are documented, reconstructed, and assessed before international criminal tribunals (Freeman, 2017). New fact-finding methods, including reliance on digital open-source information and user-generated content (UGC), assist international courts and tribunals in reconstructing events and building narratives of international criminal accountability (De Arcos Tejerixo, 2023). At the same time, the growing reliance on digital material presents significant challenges. User-generated digital evidence is particularly vulnerable to manipulation, decontextualisation, and loss of provenance, especially when it is circulated through multiple intermediaries or generated by civilians using non-professional devices (Al-Biller & al., 2024)
Journey to the East : Cultural Struggle of Western Democracies
Across social media, people are claiming, “You met me at a very Chinese time of my life,” while engaging in stereotypically Chinese activities like eating dim sum or wearing the viral Adidas Chinese jacket. So, one may ask, did China’s soft power and cultural influence have finally won the cultural war against the West ? As we are starting to doubt the cultural supremacy of Western values like democracy, freedom, and prosperity, it is interesting to ask when and why everybody turned Chinese.
Turchia e Israele: la competizione per l’egemonia mediorientale
Alleati statunitensi chiave ed attori geopolitici centrali per l’equilibrio regionale del Medio Oriente, all’alba del 2026 risulta ormai evidente come Turchia ed Israele abbiano definitivamente chiuso una lunga fase di collaborazione multisettoriale, in favore di una competizione strategica profonda e crescente. I recenti sviluppi riguardanti il riconoscimento israeliano dello Stato secessionista del Somaliland, e la parallela reazione di rafforzamento turco in Somalia, rappresentano solo l’ultimo capitolo di una rivalità strutturale che, pur rimanendo sotto la soglia del conflitto aperto, sta riproducendo dinamiche da “guerra fredda” in teatri conflittuali come la Siria e la Somalia, e rafforzando partenariati più o meno formali in diretta contrapposizione al disegno geopolitico avversario. Intervenire sul contesto internazionale circostante attraverso alleanze, progetti e sostegni militari, economici ed energetici rappresenta evidentemente il principale mezzo per il raggiungimento del fine ultimo di entrambe le potenze in questione: la supremazia regionale.
Lebanon’s environmental destruction and the law
هَلاَك بيئة لبنان والقانون
Environmental destruction has long been a deliberate or tolerated feature of armed conflict. Beyond ecological damage, such destruction destabilises economies, public health, and social cohesion.
Attacks on the environment or “eco-crimes” were used as a tactic by the US both in Vietnam with the use of the Agent Orange and in Iraq by destroying the water infrastructure of the country exposing its population to diseases.
Despite the Vietnam War being the blueprint for the protection of the environment on the international scale, International Law is far from being efficient in punishing crimes against the environment. Countries such as Lebanon have been and still are the victims of indiscriminate attacks against the environment and its people were and are exposed to chemicals such as white phosphorus, which is regulated under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW). The central question is what progress has been made in the green criminological field and why it might be ineffective to get justice.
The Convergence of Russian Authoritarian Conflict Management and Trump’s Transactional Peace
Global conflict management is moving from the pursuit of justice to the imposition of order and the commodification of peace. Russian Authoritarian Conflict Management no longer represents an outlier, but a precursor to the emerging U.S. transactional approach, exemplified by Trump’s Board of Peace. As a privatized model of governance converges with authoritarian stabilization, has stability become a commodity that only the powerful can afford?
Japan-China Diplomatic Chaos
On November 7, 2025, Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi informed the Diet that if China were to use armed force against Taiwan, it could constitute a “survival-threatening situation” for Japan, thereby justifying a military defensive mobilization in response. This statement breached Japan’s long-lasting ambiguity on the issue and set in motion a series of political, diplomatic, and economic consequences.